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So you want to improve your knowledge of Unix but you don't have access to a Unix system. Never fear, the very nice people at www.arbornet.org provide free Shell Accounts. It only takes about 5 minutes to get logged in and set up.
Follow my article "Practice your Unix skills with a free shell account", in the Basic Unix Commands section or click here. This should get you up and running in about 5 minutes. Enjoy.
The ls command lists files and directories. Use ls without arguments and you will get a simple listing in alphabetical order of files and directories. Use ls with arguments will display more information, depending on the arguments used.
Use ls if you want to see a list of files and directories, to view a detailed fie listing for example type the following command:
ls -l
Using ls with the -l argument (or also sometimes called switch) gives you a long file listing. In the image above notice that there are seven columns of information displayed for each file.
Column 1: -rw-r--r-- this is information on the file type and permissions. This is made up of ten characters in this example the first character the - indicates it is a regular file, the next nine characters indicates the permissions for the three groups of users, rw- the owner (cbrady) of the file has read and write permission, r-- the group (user) has read permission and r-- (other) has read permission.
Column 2: 1, this is information on the number of links to the files, in this example 1 link.
Column 3: cbrady, indicates the owner of the file.
Column 4: guest, indicates the group to which the owner of the file belongs.
Column 5: indicates the size of the file, in this case most are empty except coldwater.txt which is 162k and musicians.txt which is 20k.
Column 6: Indicates the date and time the file was last modified.
Column 7: This is the file name.